Photography began in China from Chinese philosopher Mo Di and Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid described a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE. In 1664-1666 Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors. In 1814 Joseph Niepce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura. But the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded. In 1837 Louis Daguerre's first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed under thirty minutes of light exposure. In 1840 the first American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera. In 1851 Frederick Scott Archer invented the Collodion process - images required only two or three seconds of light exposure. In 1871 Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process. In other words negatives no longer had to be developed immediately. In 1963 Polaroid introduces instant color film. In 1973 Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera. In 1978 Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, auto focus camera. In 1984 Canon demonstrates first digital electronic still camera. In 1985 Pixar introduces digital imaging processor. In 1990 Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium. Through these continuous advancements in photography is a big reason why photography is so accessible to people today.
The Barnet Book of Photography: A Collection of Practical Articles
http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Photography.htm
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